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黄渤海开渔啦,这些知识请牢记!

中国海事
2024-11-12

渔季
黄渤海开渔啦
安全注意事项
海门回望千峰涌,

海门回望千峰涌,

港口雄开万里流。

9月1日1200时,

正式开渔啦。

2024年9月1日1200时,为期4个月的黄渤海伏季休渔期正式结束,大量渔船将扬帆出港,开启新一轮的耕海牧渔。黄渤海渔场是中国五大沿海渔场之一,渔业活动兴盛,海上通航密度较大,为做好商渔船“开渔季”安全知识宣贯工作,我们特梳理“开渔季”安全注意事项,以期有助于保障航行安全。

一.渔船出海前认真检查,确保船舶适航,人员适岗

收听天气预报,大风大浪不要出海。



检查渔船设备,确保设备处于良好可用状态,包括但不限于:检查通讯、导航、号灯、号型等设备是否处在正常动态;检查动力设备、机舱压力管道是否正常;检查救生舱、救生衣、灭火器等救生、消防设备是否放置正确;检查渔网渔具是否放置合理,船上物品是否装载合理、能否保证渔船的平衡稳定性。



检查船员/渔业工作人员的证件与装备,确保人员持证、适岗。



依规如实报备拟出港时间、配员情况等信息。




二.商渔船出海时

加强瞭望、谨慎驾驶、注意避让



REC



01商船进入渔船密集区水域之前

(1)召开航行安全会议,确保驾驶台所有航行值班人员知晓渔船作业特点、渔船密集水域航行安全注意事项,进一步评估碰撞风险、优化避让方案、通报情况,并督促船员遵照执行。

(2)对雷达、电子海图、船舶自动识别系统、航行数据记录仪、甚高频无线电话,以及航行灯、白昼信号灯和其他声响信号设备进行检查和测试,确保正常可用。

(3)检查四机一炉,确保工作状况良好。备妥主机,以便随时用车。对手操舵(随动、非随动)、自动舵和应急操舵等操舵方式进行测试,确保操舵系统工作正常,以便随时紧急操纵避碰。

(4)合理安排值班,任何时候驾驶台都应保持至少两名航行值班人员。


02商船经过或临近渔船密集区水域期间

(1)驾驶台航行值班人员应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段保持正规瞭望,全面掌握本船周边水域其他船舶的航行态势,以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。 

(2)进入渔船密集区域航行时应将自动舵调整为手操舵。若当时环境许可,尽可能保持海里以上距离通过,并保持戒备,防止渔船因为护网等原因突然加速、停船、掉头等造成紧迫局面。 

(3)值班驾驶员根据周围渔船密集程度和航行值班强度调整值班等级,必要时应立即通知船长上驾驶台。 

(4)船长要针对夜间渔区航行的特殊戒备要求,制定和签发夜航命令。


03渔船出海注意事项

(1)配备齐全有效的救生消防、通讯导航、号灯号型等法定安全设备,认真落实渔船进出港登记报告制度,做到“不安全不出海,不安全不生产”。 

(2)配备AIS防碰撞、北斗定位等船位监测终端设备,守听VHF16频道,不得擅自关闭、屏蔽、拆卸、出借、转让等,不得擅自更改船舶注册信息和航行作业信息。 

(3)规范刷写(焊刻)船名号、船籍港和悬挂船名牌,严禁遮盖、涂改、伪造、拆卸、损毁船名号(牌)。 

(4)严禁超核定航区航行或者作业,严禁擅自改变证书中核定的作业方式或作业类型,严禁擅自变更渔业船舶主机功率。 

(5)严禁利用渔业船舶私载、超载人员和货物,不得携带违禁物品,严禁不合理装卸货物,不得在甲板上或者驾驶室顶部放置影响渔业船舶安全的物品。 

(6)时常检查船上线路安全和易燃物堆放,规范使用燃气,注意机舱、鱼舱通风,严格落实有限空间作业规定。 

(7)渔业船员临水作业必须穿戴救生衣,吊装作业必须佩戴安全帽,严禁酒后驾驶船舶。 

(8)严格遵守《海上避碰规则》,安排专人值守,加强值班瞭望,随时关注周边船舶活动情况,夜间作业或航行须强化号灯使用;严禁疲劳驾驶、无人值守、不使用号灯号型。



三.商渔船会遇时

商船要早让宽让,渔船应避开盲区









商 船

商船应严格落实《中国沿海防范商渔船碰撞事故指引(2023版)》相关要求,时刻谨记安全第一、宁可绕行、不要冒险。当两船会遇构成碰撞危险时,及早通过频道呼叫渔船。若数次尝试呼叫无应答,应主动采取避让行动,同时采用汽笛、灯光等其他视听方式进行警告。

如商船发现需紧急避让的渔船,可用白昼信号灯闪烁至少次,和或用至少短声连续声号引起渔船注意。紧急避让时,除用舵避让外,应同时考虑主机协调,减速避让。

此外,值班驾驶员在避让渔船的同时,也要重点识别和关注其他商船的动态,以免与其构成碰撞危险,尤其是处在众多渔船中的商船。

渔船

渔船应合理安排作业水域,严格按照捕捞许可水域和时间开展作业,避开沿海通航密集区和商船习惯航路;保持连续、正规瞭望,在出海航行、作业期间,特别是夜间航行、锚泊期间应保证驾驶台始终有适任船员保持正规瞭望,注意值守VHF16频道。渔船切勿抢越商船船头,应充分考虑到商船航速较快、船艏盲区较大的特点,避免从商船船艏盲区通过。当会遇动态不明的来船时,建议渔船积极主动沟通、呼叫,适时采取主动避让措施。


 四.商渔船应急救助 

1.在碰撞不可避免时,应尽可能降低船速且避免两船侧面撞击。

2.发生碰撞事故后,应立即停船,将人命救助置于首位,全力实施救助。全部遇险人员脱险前,在不严重危及自身安全的情况下,严禁放弃搜救擅自驶离现场。

3.发生碰撞事故后,通过一切有效途径,立即向就近的海事管理机构报告,报告内容应包含事故发生位置、遇险船舶名称、人员伤亡情况、船舶受损情况、天气海况、救助需求等。同时,通告周围船舶,请求参与救助。



海事小哥

为了保障大家渔季平安,我们还写了一封《安全提示信》。希望大家能开开心心出航捕鱼,安安全全满载而归。

渔季安全提示

各位船长、驾驶员朋友们:

Dear Captain and crew:

欢迎您来到渤海湾,渤海湾是我国北方传统渔场,每年禁渔期结束后,大量渔船出海捕鱼,作业渔船短时间内数量暴增。渔船作业区往往绵延几海里至几十海里,渔场内渔船密度大,存在单拖、对拖、围网、流网、张网、绳钓等多种捕鱼方式,船舶避让困难,碰撞事故高发。

Welcome to Bohai Bay. Bohai Bay is a traditional fishing ground in northern China. After the annual fishing ban period ends, a large number of fishing boats go fishing on the sea, and the number of fishing boats increases in a short period of time. There are a variety of fishing methods, such as single towing, trawling, seine, drift-net, open net, rope fishing, etc. Fishing boats are of high density in the operation areas which often extend from several nautical miles to dozens of nautical miles, causing high risks of collision accidents. 

为切实防范商渔船碰撞事故发生,现对航行在渤海湾水域的船长、驾驶员朋友进行安全提示:

In order to prevent the collision of merchant ships and fishing boats, you are kindly advised of the following safety tips:

一、科学合理设计航线。充分考虑避开传统渔场、渔船密集区等区域,合理制定计划航线,避开商渔船事故多发水域,尽量减少与渔船交叉相遇的几率。设有船舶定线制的水域应该按相关规则执行;没有定线制的水域应按船舶习惯的航路航行。

Design scientific and rational routes. Fully consider avoiding areas such as traditional fishing grounds and fishing boat-intensive areas; reasonably plan routes; avoid accident-prone waters to minimize the chance of crossing fishing boats. Waters with ship routing system shall be carried out in accordance with relevant rules; waters without routing system shall be sailed according to the ship’s customary main route.

二、绕航避开传统渔场。当航行中发现前方有密集的渔船群、渔场时,只要当地的水域环境和情况允许,应及时改变航向,从渔船群、渔场的外海一侧绕航,切莫驶进渔船船队、渔场而处于难以避让的尴尬危险局面。

Bypass traditional fishing grounds. When there are dense fishing boats and fishing grounds in front of navigation, as long as the local water environment and conditions permit, the course should be changed in time. Detour from the outer sea side of the fishing fleet and fishing grounds, and refrain from entering the fishing fleets or fishing grounds to avoid dangerous situation.

三、持续保持正规瞭望。船舶航经渔区时,配备足够值班人员,保持连续、正规瞭望,充分评估本船雷达对周围船只物体的探测能力。及时主动与航行区域VTS保持沟通,保持甚高频连续守听,对动态不明的来船主动沟通,实时采取主动避让措施。

Maintain proper lookout. When the ship passes through the fishing area, make sure it is equipped with sufficient personnel on duty to maintain continuous and regular lookout; fully evaluate ship’s radar detection ability to surrounding ships or objects; timely and proactively maintain communication with the VTS in the navigation area; maintain continuous VHF listening; actively communicate with unknown ships and take active avoidance measures in real time.

四、始终保持安全航速。船舶航经渔区时,注意不明灯光声响,充分考虑不良气象影响,正确显示号灯号型,按规定鸣放声号,并结合本船操作性能、周围船舶动态和交通密度,保持安全航速。

Always maintain a safe speed. When the ship passes through the fishing area, please pay attention to the unknown light and sound; fully consider the bad weather influence; display signal type and sound the signal according to the COLREG;  and keep a safe speed in consideration of the ship’s operational performance, surrounding ship dynamics and traffic density.

五、及时避让会遇渔船。应充分考虑渔船操作性能和作业上的特殊性,谨慎评估,争取“早、大、宽、清”,即避让行动要及早的进行、避让的幅度要大、避让的距离要宽裕、要确保驶过让清,注意船吸情况。

Avoid crossing fishing boats in time. Please take full account of the operation performance and particularity of fishing boats and adopt the strategy of “early, large, wide and clear”, that is, the avoidance action should be carried out early, the margin of avoidance should be large, the distance of avoidance should be wide, and the clearance should be ensured.

六、谨慎避让对拖渔船。保持距离渔船船尾最近不少于1海里通过,距离渔船外舷侧、最近不少于0.5海里通过,要避免近距离从渔船船头通过,禁止从双拖渔船中间通过。

Be careful to avoid tugboats. Keep at least 1 nautical mile from the stern of the fishing boat and not less than 0.5 nautical miles from the outboard side of the fishing boat; avoid passing from the bow of the fishing boat at close range, and prohibit passing from the middle of the double trawler.

七、做好事故应急处置。一旦发生商渔船碰撞事故,商船应立即报告海上搜救中心、主管机关及公司,并采取应急反应行动,救助遇险人员和减少财产损失,防止海洋污染,必要时应立即请求周围船只配合参与搜寻救助。

Ready for emergency response. Once collision accidents occurred, the merchant ship shall immediately report to the maritime search and rescue center, the administration and the company, and take emergency response actions to rescue persons in distress and reduce property losses and prevent marine pollution. If necessary, it shall immediately request the surrounding ships to cooperate in the search and rescue.

八、切勿发生肇事逃逸。船长和驾驶员当发现或者怀疑存在碰撞时,应立即采取有效措施进行核实。发生或者怀疑发生碰撞事故时,切勿抱有侥幸心理,严禁肇事逃逸,导致更严重的后果,以致被追究刑事责任。

Don’t hit and run. When a collision is found or suspected, the captain and the crew shall immediately take effective measures to verify it. When a collision accident occurs or is suspected, do not have a fluke mentality, prohibit hit-and-run, otherwise it will lead to more serious consequences or even criminal responsibility.

“航行更安全、海洋更清洁、航运更便捷”离不开您的参与。预防商渔碰撞事故,是我们每一位船长和驾驶员的责任。

Thank you for your good cooperation for our common goal of “safe and efficient. shipping on cleaner oceans”. It is the responsibility of every captain and crew to prevent collisions of merchant ships and fishing boats.


END

来源:天津散固

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